Oncology physiotherapy: exercise for recovery and quality of life

A cancer diagnosis changes everything. Not only the treatment itself, but also the side effects and aftermath can deeply affect daily life. Oncological physiotherapy offers support to people with or after cancer, aimed at restoring strength, fitness and independence. More and more research shows that targeted exercise plays a key role in improving quality of life, in every phase of the disease process.

Long-term symptoms after cancer

Many people retain physical symptoms after cancer treatment. Some arise during chemo- or radiotherapy, others only months or years later. Think about:

• Cancer-related fatigue (CRF)
• Disturbed breathing
• Nerve complaints (as in CIPN)
• Reduced muscle strength and balance
• Reduced fitness and load capacity
• Problems with daily activities
• Fear of moving

Without guidance, these symptoms can worsen or become permanent. Oncology physiotherapists are specially trained to address these symptoms, with safe, effective exercises and tailored treatments.

Exercise as medicine

Exercise is safe during and after cancer treatment and often even desirable. According to the Kankercentrum Nederland (IKNL), 80% of people with cancer experience long-term fatigue, but exercise is one of the few proven interventions that helps reduce this fatigue. Physiotherapy also proves useful in other areas: it improves muscle strength, reduces anxiety, increases energy levels and reduces the risk of complications or relapse.

More than just exercises

Oncology physiotherapy is more than just doing exercises. It involves personal support, tailored to the patient's disease progression, energy level and goals. Treatment can start from diagnosis to the palliative phase. Physiotherapists often work together with other healthcare providers, such as occupational therapists, psychologists and dieticians.

One real-life example

Marianne, 52, was being treated for breast cancer. After her last chemotherapy treatment, she felt exhausted, dizzy and anxious to move again. Through her doctor, she came to an oncological physiotherapist. There she started with light breathing exercises, followed by strength and balance training. After six weeks, she was able to go for short walks again and run errands without assistance. “It made me feel like I was regaining control of my body,” she says.

What does an oncology physiotherapist do?

• Depending on the situation, treatment may include:
• Customised exercise therapy (strength, balance, fitness)
• Respiratory training
• Lymphedema therapy
• Counselling for fatigue and fear of movement
• Relaxation techniques (such as yoga or mindfulness)

Education on recovery, load and load capacity

Sometimes complementary methods such as medical training therapy or modified pilates are used. The goal is always the same: to help people function as well and independently as possible; physically and mentally.